Extended Data Fig. 7: Acetate increases expression of cytokines and activation markers in T cells cultured in low glucose.
a, ACSS1, ACSS2 and ACSS3 expression in lymphocytes and monocytes from one male and one female healthy human donor. b, ACSS1 mRNA expression represented as normalized transcripts per kilobase million (nTPM) from a scRNA-seq analysis of normal human breast tissue. Where n ≥ 3 data are presented as a mean ± SEM. c, ACSS1 mRNA expression from a scRNA-seq analysis of human breast tumors. Violin plots with hashed lines representing median and dotted lines mark upper and lower quartiles. P values generated using log-rank test. d, Expression of degranulation and activation markers in human CD8+ T cells after stimulation in the presence of increasing concentrations of acetate and two different concentrations of glucose. Dotted lines represent expression levels in standard culture medium. n = 2 independent CD8+ T-cell cultures. Data are presented as a percent of total CD8+ T cells. e, Glucose and acetate consumption by human CD8+ T cells during polyfunctional assay. Data are expressed as change in concentration during overnight stimulation. n.d. = not detected. n = 2 independent CD8+ T-cell cultures. Western blotting results were independently validated at least twice.
