Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies; however long-term safety concerns, associated with infections and secondary malignancies, have been reported. Here we discuss the clinical challenges of CAR-T cell therapy in light of this emerging benefit–risk controversy.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
Genome-edited allogeneic CAR-T cells: the next generation of cancer immunotherapies
Journal of Hematology & Oncology Open Access 24 October 2025
-
Emerging CAR immunotherapies: broadening therapeutic horizons beyond cancer
Clinical and Experimental Medicine Open Access 04 August 2025
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$32.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
$119.00 per year
only $9.92 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to the full article PDF.
USD 39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References
Cordas Dos Santos, D. M. Nat. Med. 30, 2667–2678 (2024).
Tix, T. et al. Clin. Cancer Res. 30, 4690–4700 (2024).
Hamilton, M. P. et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 390, 2047–2060 (2024).
Ozdemirli, M. et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 390, 2074–2082 (2024).
Harrison, S. J. et al. Blood 142, 6939 (2023).
Berning, P. et al. Blood Cancer J. 14, 106 (2024).
Garderet, L. et al. Am. J. Hematol. 99, 2084–2095 (2024).
Shadman, M. et al. Blood Cancer J. 14, 108 (2024).
Rejeski, K. Blood Adv. 8, 1857–1868 (2024).
Rejeski, K. et al. J. Immunother. Cancer 10, e004475 (2022).
Panagiota, V. et al. Hemasphere 7, e957 (2023).
Ghilardi, G. et al. Nat. Med. 30, 984–989 (2024).
Fraietta, J. A. et al. Nature 558, 307–312 (2018).
Shah, N. N. et al. Blood Adv. 3, 2317–2322 (2019).
Micklethwaite, K. P. et al. Blood 138, 1391–1405 (2021).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grégoire, C., Melenhorst, J.J. Navigating CAR-T cell therapy long-term complications. Nat Cancer 5, 1768–1770 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43018-024-00867-1
Published:
Version of record:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43018-024-00867-1
This article is cited by
-
Genome-edited allogeneic CAR-T cells: the next generation of cancer immunotherapies
Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2025)
-
Emerging CAR immunotherapies: broadening therapeutic horizons beyond cancer
Clinical and Experimental Medicine (2025)
-
Cancer drug approvals and setbacks in 2024
Nature Cancer (2024)