Fig. 2: Microscopy time-series and rotation measurements of membrane cells.
From: Metachronal waves in magnetic micro-robotic paddles for artificial cilia
Sequence of images taken at the times indicated, showing a–e the forward and f–j the reverse rotation of four paddles (p1–p4) on identical 3-µm-wide axles during the application of a 15 Hz, 17.3 kA/m sinusoidal field. k Time-plot of individual paddle rotations and applied field for the cycle shown in a–j. l Effect of axle width and field amplitude on the maximum paddle rotation (15 Hz field). Data points are the average of three paddles in separate cells, error bars show standard deviation.
