Fig. 4: 3D fracture surface morphology using micro-computed tomography of fine- and coarse-grained samples after Charpy impact testing at LNT.

a A big neck is formed at the fracture surface in fine-grained sample after impact testing at LNT, with a main crack seen along the direction of the Charpy notch and subordinate cracks lying perpendicular to the direction of the Charpy notch (see Supplementary Fig. 4). b Single deep crack along the direction of the Charpy notch in a coarse-grained sample after impact testing at LNT where no necking is seen and the fracture surface is flat.