Fig. 1: Amphibole structure and scattering geometries.

a Fragment of the structure of a W(OH)-amphibole with C2/m symmetry; TO4 tetrahedra are given in blue, whereas M(1)O6, M(2)O6, and M(3)O6 octahedra in olive-greenish, gray, and light-bluish, respectively. Large yellow and violet spheres represent the A- and M(4)-site cations; the small red spheres are the oxygen atoms. The dashed ellipse marks a W(OH)− group. The figure was prepared using the VESTA software package51. b Sketch of the experimental geometry used in the Raman scattering experiments. a–c are the fundamental translation vectors of C2/m in the direct space, a* in the reciprocal space, i.e. a*⊥b⊥c.