Fig. 1: 4D printing concept.
From: 4D printing of reconfigurable metamaterials and devices
a A schematic illustration of the methodology used for the fabrication of curved shape-shifting specimens. b The storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan(δ) of the molded PLA specimens for a frequency of 10 Hz. c The effects of the layer thickness and printing temperature on the longitudinal shrinkage of the printed filaments. d–f The deformation characteristics of the basic building blocks as a function of the initial width. See Supplementary Video 1.
