Fig. 3: Simulative and experimental performance evaluation of temperature map with the three models in contact with same temperature sources at both up and downsides.

a (i) Model I metasurface composed of four TUBs. The side length of the model is 12 mm and the linewidth of the 0.2 mm. Simulative and experimental temperature maps of Model I are obtained by COMSOL simulation and IR camera. b (i) Model II metasurface. It is obtained by 45-degree rotation of the Model I metasurface. (ii and iii) Simulative and experimental temperature maps of Model II are obtained by COMSOL simulation and IR camera. c (i) Model III metasurface. It is composed of Model I and Model II metasurfaces. (ii and iii) Simulative and experimental thermal profiles of temperature-responsive with Model III metasurface are obtained via COMSOL simulation and IR camera.