Fig. 1: Structure and function of organic interfaces.
From: Organic semiconductors for light-mediated neuromodulation
a Main processes occurring upon light absorption in organic semiconducting films when immersed in electrolyte: photovoltaic, photocatalytic and photothermal conversions. The organic semiconducting layer can be a single pristine material or multiple materials in a bilayer or a bulk heterojunction. b Full layer-by-layer structure of a photovoltaic device for neuromodulation. The organic semiconductor can be interfaced directly to the electrolyte (as in a) or paired to one (conductor/semiconductor interface) or two (conductor/semiconductor/conductor interface) conductors working as the anode and cathode. Charge (hole and/or electron) transport layers can be used to enhance the stimulation efficiency.
