Fig. 24: Time-of-flight secondary ion mass measurements for ion migration study in perovskite films.
From: Advanced spectroscopic techniques for characterizing defects in perovskite solar cells

a Principle of ToF-SIMS. Reproduced with permission112. Copyright 2020, Willey-VCH. b Evidence of ion migration in perovskite devices after degradation from continuous light illumination of AM 1.5G for 5 h: Elemental distribution across the devices from the cathode (Ag) to the anode (FTO), (i) MAPbI3 device, (ii) FAPbI3 device. Reproduced with permission from ref. 114, copyright (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017).