Fig. 4: High-throughput evaluation of cell death at spheroid level after photothermal treatment.

A, B Growth of spheroids in microwells starting from 250 cells loaded with Pt NS (A) or Pt NR (B). Images are shown at day 0 (seeding), and day 1 and day 2 of maturation. At day 2, live staining (green) is included. C, D Live (green) and dead (red) images at day 2 of the microwell array containing the NS (C) and NR (D) loaded spheroids, without (0 W cm-²) and with (2.6 W cm-²) laser exposure. E–H Quantification on single spheroids of the live and dead signal as a function of the laser power density: (E) and (F) correspond to the live fluorescent signal of NS and NR loaded spheroids, respectively; (G) and (H) correspond to the dead fluorescent signal of NS and NR loaded spheroids, respectively. I–K Quantification of the live and dead signal of spheroids formed of unlabeled (control) cells; (I) live (green) and dead (red) staining for spheroids exposed to the highest laser power density of 2.6 W cm−². J, K correspond to respectively the live and dead fluorescent signal for all measured spheroids, as a function of the laser power density.