Fig. 5: Experimental and simulated STM images of h-BN nuclei on Ir(111).

a Large-scale STM image of h-BN nanoplates with diverse sizes (V = − 20 mV, I = 0.1 nA). Inset: magnified STM image of h-BN nucleus with n = 4. The white arrows indicate depression contrast in the vertices of triangular h-BN nanoplate. b, c The DFT-optimized models of triangular h-BN nanoplates on Ir(111) with (b) N edge and (c) B edge, and their corresponding STM simulations (V = − 20 mV). The adsorption sites of NtopBhcp and NtopBfcc, represent that N atoms are on top sites and B atoms are on hcp sites and fcc sites of Ir(111), respectively.