Fig. 1: Multifunctional conducting polymer-based smart theranostic bandage.

a Schematic illustration of the 3D assembled patch, integrating a PANi-based pH sensor, a PEDOT-based UA biosensor and a PPy-based drug carrier; (b) Schematic illustration of the integration of the patch with an FPCB featuring an on-board microcontroller and Bluetooth, further embedded into a wound bandage for wireless connectivity in individual wound management.