Fig. 5: Performance overview of four various HTLS: spiro-MeOTAD, PTAA, P3HT and PEDOT.

a AFM of MAPI sample as control and four HTLs coated on top of MAPI before and after washing by 2-methylanisole, b Steady-state PL, c PCE Statistical distribution, and d TRPL spectra of samples with spiro, PTAA, P3HT, and PEDOT HTLs.