Fig. 2: Non-radiative relaxation pathways in Nd3+-doped lanthanide nanocrystals and enhanced PA spectra. | Communications Materials

Fig. 2: Non-radiative relaxation pathways in Nd3+-doped lanthanide nanocrystals and enhanced PA spectra.

From: Sharp-peaked lanthanide nanocrystals for near-infrared photoacoustic multiplexed differential imaging

Fig. 2: Non-radiative relaxation pathways in Nd3+-doped lanthanide nanocrystals and enhanced PA spectra.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Absorption spectrum revealing the significantly sharper absorption profile of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated NaNdF4 nanocrystals (NaNdF4@PVP) compared with broadly absorbing polymeric BPTBZ nanoparticles. b PA spectra of Nd3+-doped NaYF4@PVP nanocrystals, showing a positive correlation between PA amplitude and Nd3+ doping concentration. c PA spectra of NaNdF4@PVP, NdVO4@PVP, and Nd(OH)3@PVP nanocrystals, demonstrating the effect of host selection on PA amplitude. d In vitro PA imaging of NaNdF4@PVP, NdVO4@PVP, and Nd(OH)3@PVP. (Scale bar: 1 mm) (e) PA signals recorded for various types of nanocrystals at different Sm3+ dopant concentrations. The error bars denote the sample standard deviations.

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