Fig. 3: Scaling behavior of the extrapolative prediction performance (RMSE) of the refractive index prediction task with an increasing number of training samples.

The RMSEs of MNNs trained with E2T and conventional FCNNs are indicated in blue and orange, respectively. The red dashed lines denote the generalization performance of oracle predictors derived from conventional domain-inclusive learning, which utilized data from all polymer classes. The shaded areas indicate the standard deviations.