Fig. 2: Adsorption energy and bader charge of H2 gas adsorbed on different sites of SnO2/Pdatom.

a The adsorption energy (Eads) variation of H2 gas molecules adsorbed on different active sites of SnO2/Pdatom. b Bader charge (Δq) of H2 gas molecules adsorbed on different active sites of as-prepared SnO2/Pdatom surfaces, c the Eads comparison, and d Bader charge (Δq) comparison of different gas molecules (H2, HCHO, NH3, CH4, CO2, NO2) adsorbed on SnO2–Pdatom boundary.