Fig. 3: Electrochemical properties of the TFBs depending on the LP-xs.

The variations of CV (a–j) and EIS (k–t) of the TFBs using LP-1.98 (a and k), LP-2.20 (b and l), LP-2.27(c and m), LP-2.40(d and n), LP-2.52 (e and o), LP-2.86 (f and p), LP-3.52 (g and q), LP-5.24 (h and r), LP-5.73 (i and s), and LP-8.78 (j and t) measured at 25 °C. Each TFB shows a different OCV, which is shown as a red circle in each CV. OCV-sweep (black) means the initial CV from the OCV to 3.0 V. CVs were then repeated at 3.0–4.0 V (red) for two cycles, and the EIS was measured at the 3rd cycle. Later, two cycles were carried out at 3.0–4.2 V (blue). The 1st CV is denoted as 1 in the CV using the LP-5.73 and LP-8.78. EISs were measured at 3.0 V (black) after the OCV-sweep and 4.0 V (red) during the 3rd CV. In the cases of TFBs using LP-5.73 and LP-8.78, EISs were also measured at 2.5 V during the OCV-sweep to check the operations. The numbers in the EIS plots are the data measured at 10n Hz. u Summary of the OCVs and the Rint depending on the LP-xs.