Fig. 2: Phase field simulation of domain morphology.

a BTO domain morphology at 300 °C and under biaxial −0.88% compressive strain, which is the first ferroelectric phase in the discrete simulation path. White arrows indicate the direction of polarization. Red and blue regions are c axis oriented BTO phase while the green area is a-axis oriented. b Details of BTO phases on the top surface of Fig. 2a. Red and blue corresponds to (P00) and (0P0) domains. (from Ref. 39).