Fig. 10: COF membrane with precise and smart nanochannels for ion separation.
From: Covalent organic framework membranes for selective ion separation
a Comparison of Li+/Mg2+ separation performance between COF and other membrane materials7,62,63,72,81,105,139,140,141,142. b Biomimetic construction of smart nanochannels COF membranes functionalized with photoresponsive azobenzene derivatives (COF-Azo) for precise ion separation through reversible channel gating. Reproduced with permission from ref. 85 (copyright Elsevier, 2024). c Schematic illustration of phase-reversed mixed matrix covalent organic framework membrane and local-ion trap for ion separation. Reproduced with permission from ref. 141 (copyright Wiley-VCH, 2025). d Mechanism of ultrafast transport of K+ in K+ channels and biomimetic TAT-TP-P COF membrane for fast hopping transport of Li+, while Mg2+ is trapped in the energy well. Reproduced with permission from ref. 66 (copyright Wiley-VCH, 2025).
