Fig. 1: Fabrication of the dual-reference triboelectric sensor and framework for surface potential prediction of materials.
From: Deep learning-based dual-reference triboelectric sensor for direct surface potential prediction
a Schematic illustration of the dual-reference triboelectric sensor fabrication process:(i) surface functionalization of PDMS using branched polyethyleneimine (PEI(b)) solution, and (ii) O2 plasma-assisted bonding of triboelectric layers onto the substrate. b XPS spectra of the pristine PDMS and PEI(b)-functionalized PDMS, and high-resolution N 1 s spectrum confirming nitrogen incorporation. c Surface potentials of PDMS and PEI(b)-PDMS measured by KPFM. d Triboelectric series of all materials used in this study, including reference layers, training materials, and test materials. e Flowchart of the surface potential prediction framework based on triboelectric signals from dual-reference sensors and deep learning models.
