Fig. 5: Characteristics and geographic distribution of the identified clusters of metropolitan statistical areas over time.
From: A century of decoupling size and structure of urban spaces in the United States
Radar charts depicting the log-transformed characteristics of cluster medoid MSAs for the size characteristics in a 2010, b 1960, and c 1910. Line thickness represents the log-transformed cluster sizes (i.e., number of MSAs in each cluster); Panels d–f show corresponding multi-temporal maps of MSA cluster memberships, with clusters definied by color and shape. Colors in a–f correspond to the RGB color-coding used in Fig. 4a, b, see Fig. 4c for a corresponding legend. Panels g–l show the respective radar charts and maps for the form variables. Depicted locations are centroids derived from MSA boundaries obtained from US Census Bureau51, also shown are state boundaries (white) obtained from the US Census Bureau75.
