Fig. 7: Assessing ordinal relationships between size and form-related characteristics over time.
From: A century of decoupling size and structure of urban spaces in the United States

Heat maps of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between size and form variables a in 1910, and b in 2010, ranging from −1 (blue) to +1 (red). The bottom row shows corresponding Q-Q plots of corresponding pairs of MSA-level attributes c in 1910, and d in 2010.