Fig. 3: Quantitative analysis of the influence of environmental conditions and human harvesting strategy on the emerging model dynamics.

Panels show the results for the baseline consumer-renewable resource model (a), and the extended model version (b) Roman numerals indicate cases I–IV as shown in detail in Figs. 1 and 2. Note that case III_C (Fig. 2c) occurs along the lines separating the case II and case III regions in the baseline model system (a). Asterisks indicate systems in which overexploitation may prevent reaching a sustainable equilibrium. In the extended consumer-renewable resource model, overexploitation is always a possibility, regardless of the system’s productivity and regardless of the harvest intensity. Moreover, the parameter space in which an overshoot and crumble scenario occurs drastically decreases as compared to the baseline model system. In contrast, the parameter space in which an overshoot and collapse scenario occurs drastically increases.