Fig. 3: Comparison between model and reconstructions. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 3: Comparison between model and reconstructions.

From: Absolute seasonal temperature estimates from clumped isotopes in bivalve shells suggest warm and variable greenhouse climate

Fig. 3: Comparison between model and reconstructions.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

A Campanian latitudinal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient with vertical orange, purple and green bars showing seasonality reconstructions from this study and dashed black lines indicating modeled mean annual temperatures (560 ppmV  = 2× preindustrial and 1120 ppmV = 4× preindstrial CO2 pressure) with gray envelopes representing seasonality. Black symbols and bars show previous SST reconstructions11,12,13,15,25,42,68,69. The large range in bulk mollusk clumped isotope (Δ47)-based SST estimates is discussed in Supplementary Discussion. The shaded yellow envelope indicates modern seasonal SST range (NOAA, 2021). Horizontal dashed lines mark modern and Campanian global mean annual temperature (MAT). B Monthly SST reconstructions (in orange, purple and green) and local model outputs (in gray) in the Boreal Chalk Sea. Diamonds indicate monthly SST means, with red and blue diamonds showing monthly summer and winter extremes, respectively. Shaded envelopes show 95% confidence levels and color coding follows Fig. 2.

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