Fig. 2: Estimated species richness and production for gradual conversion of semi-natural habitats to production fields in ten European farmland regions (brown: arable crops, mixed systems and horticulture, bright green: grassland, violet: permanent crops).
From: An increase in food production in Europe could dramatically affect farmland biodiversity
The effect of the conversion of semi-natural habitats (percentage of the total farm area) on species richness (green lines, sum of vascular plant, earthworm, spider and wild bee species) is estimated with backward sample-size-based extrapolations31 of species unique to semi-natural habitats and addition of species unique to production fields and species shared (Methods). Confidence intervals (95%) are the sum over the confidence intervals of the four species groups. Effect on production (black lines) is calculated by multiplying the converted semi-natural area by the overall yield of the region. Effects of a 50% and 90% conversion of the semi-natural area are indicated for species richness (green dots) and production (black triangles) (Supplementary Table 7).
