Fig. 4: Fluid dynamics in the tectonically exposed forearc mantle.
From: Hadal aragonite records venting of stagnant paleoseawater in the hydrated forearc mantle
a Schematic illustration of the erosive convergent margin in the IOT and DSV Shinkai 6500. b Simplified illustration of the area represented by the dashed gray rectangle in a, showing fluid circulation in the tectonically exposed forearc mantle. c Fluid flow and carbonation at fracture indicated by the dashed gray rectangle in b. Schematic illustration of the episodic rupture events that allow the accumulated seawater to discharge. Each event continues for 101 to 104 days with a velocity of 10−2 to 10−1 m s−1 and induces carbonation.
