Fig. 4: Zonally-averaged vertical sections of ocean conservative temperature and absolute salinity changes due to a positive SAM perturbation.

Depth vs. latitude sections of ocean temperature (∘C) and salinity (g kg−1) changes between the SAM+ run and the CTRL run for the six regions (a–f). Values are averaged over years 25–29, and ice-shelf cavity columns are excluded from the zonal averaging. Hatching indicates non-significant changes at the 95% level. The regions are defined in Fig. 1.