Fig. 4: Comparison of new water-scarce grids (i.e., grids facing physical and economic water scarcity in the future but not in the past).

Box plots comparing the absolute values of (a), (d) freshwater availability (mm/year); (b), (e) population density (capita/km2); and (c), (f) GDP-PPP. The analysis for (a), (b), and (c) was performed considering the Future-MY and Historical-GPW Experiment settings, and that of (d), (e), and (f) was performed considering the Future-JO and Historical-HYDE experiment settings (Supplementary Table 1). The error bars show the 100% confidence interval (i.e., 0th and 100th percentile), the bottom and top of the box are the 25th and 75th percentiles, and the line inside the box is the median (50th percentile).