Table 2 All voltammetry studies on organic copper-binding ligands.

From: Sources, sinks, and cycling of dissolved organic copper binding ligands in the ocean

Region	Depth (m)	Filter (µm)	[Cu] (nmol L⁻¹)	Method	[L₁], [L₂], [L₃] (nmol L⁻¹)	log\({K}_{{{{{{{\mathrm{Cu}}}}}}}{L}_{1},{{{{{\mathrm{C}}}}}}{{{{{{\mathrm{u}}}}}}}^{2+}}\), log\({K}_{{{{{{{\mathrm{Cu}}}}}}}{L}_{2},{{{{{\mathrm{C}}}}}}{{{{{{\mathrm{u}}}}}}}^{2+}}\), log\({K}_{{{{{{{\mathrm{Cu}}}}}}}{L}_{3},{{{{{\mathrm{C}}}}}}{{{{{{\mathrm{u}}}}}}}^{2+}}\)	References
North Pacific	Surface	0.45	<31	ASV	<30	-	Srna et al., 1980²²²
n = 13	Surface	0.45	4.25–23.2	ASV	1.25–22.20	-	Nilsen and Lund, 1982²²³^,c
	Surface, deep	0.3	0.62	ASV	4.1–5.13	-	Donat et al., 1986²²⁴
	0–1400	0.3	0.57–2.19	ASV	0.62–2.4, L₁	10.42–12.24	Coale and Bruland, 1988⁷¹
				ASV	0.63–10.20, L₂	8.24–9.24
	0–500	0.3	0.5–1.5	ASV	0.74–2.64, L₁	10.21–12.24	Coale and Bruland, 1990⁷²
				ASV	0.20–10.29, L₂	8.07–9.95
	0–3000	0.2	1.5–4.5	CSV	2.5–6.5	12.7–14.1	Moffett and Dupont, 2007¹⁰³
	0–3000	0.45	0.62–3.7	CSV	1.54–6.10	12.84–15.11	Buck et al., 2012¹⁰⁴
	Surface and near bottom	0.2	24.3–43.1	CSV	22.7–53.2, L₁	12.7–13.6	Li et al., 2015²²⁵
				CSV	67.6–321, L₂	9.8–10.5
	0–1400	0.2	1.2–3.3	CSV	1.2–4.0, L₁	15.0–16.5	Whitby et al., 2018⁵
				CSV	1.1–20.1, L₂	11.6–13.6
	0–58	0.2	0.6–4.7	CSV	0.7–6.9, L₁	14.0–15.7	Wong et al., 2019⁶
				CSV	2.9–31, L₂	12.0–13.3
	0–2000	0.2	0.6–2.5	CSV	0.9–4.5, L₁	13.2–14.5	Wong et al., 2021²²⁶
				CSV	2.8–27, L₂	11.7–13.2
	Surface	0.2	2.9–124.8	Reverse CSV	3–121	13.0–16.2	Wiwit et al., 2021²²⁷
	100	0.2	1.14	CSV	1.4–2.0, L₁	15.6–16.5
				CSV	7.7–11.3, L₂	13.8–14.0
South Pacific	0–1000	0.2	0.26–1.75	CSV	1.55–6.46	12.5–14	Jacquot et al., 2013⁸
n = 2	0–5000	0.2	0.22–5.33	CSV	0.75–8.88	12.29–14.53	Ruacho et al., 2020⁷
North Atlantic	Surface	0.45	3.14–9.44	ASV	7–50	-	Duinker and Kramer, 1977²²⁸
n = 14	0–140	0.22	8.18–25.97	ASV	0.3–9.59	-	Hasle and Abdullah, 1981²²⁹
	Surface	-	3	ASV	0.615	-	Piotrowicz et al., 1982²³⁰
	Surface	-	2.3	CSV	11, L₁	12.2	van den berg, 1984⁷⁹
				CSV	33, L₂	10.2
	0–3000	0.45	1.2–5.9	ASV	23–488	7.56–10.3	Buckley and van den berg, 1986²³¹
	Surface, deep	0.45	1.3–3.5	ASV	50–82	7.80–8.21	Kramer, 1986²³²
	Surface	0.4	0.92–3.2	CSV	1.2–73	10.5–15.9	Donat and van den berg, 1992²³³
	Surface	0.2	0.9–2	CSV	1.4–4.5	11.9–13.2	Moffett, 1995²³⁴
	Surface	0.2	12.7–27.9	ASV	16–38, L₁	>12	Kozelka and Bruland, 1998²³⁵
				ASV	15–40, L₂	Mean 8.8
				ASV	54–100, L₃	Mean 7.7
	Surface	0.2	40.8	CSV	11.5, L₁	14.3	Croot et al., 1999^138,b]
	Surface	0.2	31.1–92.0	CSV	48.6–104, L₂	10.8–11.7
	Surface	0.2	12.6–13.6	ASV	13–16, L₁	12.3–12.5	Bruland et al., 2000⁷⁷
				ASV	13–15, L₂	10.1–10.5
				ASV	46–57, L₃	8.8–9
	Surface	0.2	12.6–13.6	CSV	5.7–23.2, L₁	11.5–15.6	Bruland et al., 2000⁷⁷
				CSV	9–17.6, L₂	10.6–11.5
	Surface	0.4	1.4–19.2	CSV	1.6–13.1, L₁	14.0–15.1	Oldham et al., 2014¹⁰⁵
				CSV	2.1–31.9, L₂	12.6–14.1
	0–5000	0.2	0.43–3.07	CSV	0.82–5.26	12.5–14.8	Jacquot et al., 2015¹⁶
	Surface	0.2	0.07–4.03	CSV	0.5–2.6	13.4–14.4	Arnone et al., 2022¹⁰⁶
South Atlantic	0–5000	0.2	0.5–3.5	CSV	1.7–73, L₁	11.6–14.6	Zitoun et al., 2021²³⁶
n = 1				CSV	8.7–281.2, L₂	10.7–12.1
Gulf of Mexico	Surface	0.2	1.2–6.0	CSV	0.9–22.8	12.6–14.5	Mellett and Buck, 2020¹⁸¹
n = 1
Indian Ocean	Surface	0.45	1.96–3.24	CSV	4.13–17.8	12.1–15.7	Donat and van den berg, 1992²³³
n = 1
Estuary	Surface	0.45	10.7–152	CSV	26–206, L_T (single fit)	11.7–12.78	van den Berg et al., 1987⁸⁰
n = 17				CSV	23–152, L₁ (2ligand fit)	13.2–14.9
				CSV	44–131, L₂ (2ligand fit)	11.5–12.8
	Surface	0.45	45–48	CSV	13, L₁	13.5	Donat et al., 1994²³⁷
				CSV	60–80, L₂	9.0–9.6
	Surface	0.2	3.8–117	CSV	10.5–33.3, L₁	12.57–14.3	Moffett et al., 1997¹¹⁹
				CSV	39.6–135.7, L₂	9.94–11.72
	Surface	0.2	7.4–27.9	ASV	16–38, L₁	Exceeded window	Wells et al. 1998²³⁸
				ASV	16–107, L₂	8.2–10.5
				ASV	40–100, L₃	8.8–9.0
	Surface	0.2	7–23.6	CSV	9.6–32.5, L₁	14.51–16.14	Laglera and van den berg, 2003¹⁵³
				CSV	13.7–299, L₂	12.7–13.46
	Surface	0.22	81.9–190.1	CSV	66.6–160.7	12.5–12.9	Dryden et al., 2004^a,²³⁹
	Surface	0.2	2.9–22.7	CSV	7–229	13.5	Shank et al., 2004¹²⁶
	Surface	0.45	17.9–49.9	CSV	22–265, L₁	13.1–14.3	Buck and Bruland 2005²⁰
				CSV	55–135, L₂	12–12.9
	Surface	0.2	5.6–6.4	CSV	116–132	13.5	Shank et al., 2006¹⁷³^,a
	Surface	0.22	13.1–24.7	CSV	26–56	11.8–12.3	Dryden et al., 2007⁶⁰
	0–115	0.2	4.08–6.12	CSV	2.98–7.23	12.9–15.6	Jacquot et al., 2014²⁴⁰
	Surface	0.2	11.6–54.5	CSV	21.9–57.5	12.2–13.8	Whitby and van den Berg, 2015⁴³
	Surface	0.22	2.9–65	CSV	16–51, L₁	14.0–15.2	Whitby et al., 2017¹¹
				CSV	30–112, L₂	12.1–13.4
	0–40	0.2	2.03–2.65	CSV	1.95–4.21, L₁	13.7–16.0	Wong et al., 2018²⁴¹
				CSV	6.3–33, L₂	11.1–12.8
	Surface	0.02	3–77	ASV	6–120, L₁	9.4–11.4	Dulaquais et al., 2020⁴¹
		0.45	5–82	ASV	8–147, L₂	11.4–13.4
	Surface	0.22	5–50	ASV	3.5–63, L₁	9.6–10.8	Padjan et al., 2021¹¹⁵
				ASV	17–104, L₂	8.2–9.0
	Surface	0.015	0.7–28.3	CSV	1.3–66.3, L₁	13.2–15.3	Hollister et al., 2021¹⁰
		0.2	0.7–42.8	CSV	2.8–83.2, L₂	12.6–14.2
Southern	Surface	0.45	3.93–8.81	ASV	1.57	-	Batley and Florence, 1976²⁴²
n = 5	180	0.4	2.16–2.4	CSV	2.5–4.13, L₁	15.7–16.4	Buck et al., 2010¹⁰⁷^,a
				CSV	0.3–1.8, L₂	14.6–15.5
	Surface	0.4	1.33–2.84	CSV	2.26-8.04, L₁	13.57–16.0	Bundy et al., 2013²¹
				CSV	2.54–8.32, L₂	12.73–13.33
	0–3500	0.2	0.32–3.41	CSV	1.08–5.22	12.00–13.64	Thompson and Ellwood, 2014¹²
	Surface	0.2	0.47–0.55	CSV	1.5–2.5, L₁	12.64–13.57
				CSV	7.4–7.76, L₂	11.2–11.72
	0–3000	0.2	0.85–2.66	CSV	-	>13	Heller and Croot, 2015⁸⁴
				CSV	23.6–73.3, L₂	11.1–12.14

All published voltammetry (ASV, CLE-ACSV) studies to date that characterized organic Cu-binding ligands in the water column.
^aDenotes a study that measured water column samples from photochemical or biological incubation experiments.
^bIncludes studies that measured model Cu-binding ligands.
^cStudies that performed an acidification and a digestion.
“-” denotes samples where a particular ligand class was not detected or reported.

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Table 2 All voltammetry studies on organic copper-binding ligands.

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