Fig. 4: Geological records across T1, the MIS4/3 transition and the HS4/DO8 transition. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 4: Geological records across T1, the MIS4/3 transition and the HS4/DO8 transition.

From: Asian monsoon intensity coupled to Antarctic climate during Dansgaard–Oeschger 8 and Heinrich 4 glacial intervals

Fig. 4

From top to bottom are: a Chinese stalagmite δ18Ocalcite records27,29 and this study (orange), b solar insolation at 65°N (grey)56, c NGRIP δ18Oice record (purple)1, d atmospheric CH4 concentrations from WDC ice core (green)5,16, e Pa/Th record from the North Atlantic (gold)62,88, f Opal record from Southern Ocean (blue)63, g atmospheric CO2 concentrations from ice cores in Antarctica (brown)16,73,74, h Antarctic temperature record from EDC ice core (blue)7,87 and i Northern Red Sea sea level record (black)89. Periods of millennial climatic events are denoted by colored bars. Three episodes of Bølling (B), Old Dryas (OD) and Allerød (A) within the Bølling–Allerød period are marked, and corresponding periods are coded for the MIS4/3t (middle panel) and the HS4/DO8t (right panel). Colored triangles mark centennial-scale abrupt jumps in CO2 and CH4. Arrows below (a) and (h) indicate changing trends of the EASM and the Antarctic temperature. The timing and duration of HS1, 4 and 6 are from ref. 90 and references therein. HS1 and HS4 include two bars, indicating periods of initial meltwater pre-events from the European ice sheet (light gray bar, early HSs) and final NH ice sheet collapse (gray bar, late HSs), respectively66,67.

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