Fig. 3: Land cover type effects on the annual means (2000–2015) of radiative and non-radiative fluxes.
From: Large variations in afforestation-related climate cooling and warming effects across short distances
Annual mean of Albedo (a), Net Shortwave Radiation (SWnet in W m−2; b), −Net Longwave Radiation (−LWnet in W m−2; c), Net Radiation (Rn in W m−2; d), Latent heat flux (LE in W m−2; e), Sensible heat flux (H in W m−2; f), and an annual sum of Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP in gC m−2 yr−1; g). Oak-forest (OF, purple bars) values compared with Aleppo Pine-forest (PF, green bars) and non-forest (NF, orange bars) averaged from multi-year annual means of the semi-arid and dry-subhumid paired sites. The paired t-test was used to compare multi-annual averages of all variables between forested and adjacent non-forested sites and between sites across the climatic gradient. The error bars are for ± standard errors of the means.
