Fig. 3: Ecosystem functions in four management systems.
From: Multifunctionality of temperate alley-cropping agroforestry outperforms open cropland and grassland
Croplands at three sites (a; agroforestry and open cropland) and grasslands at two sites (b; agroforestry and open grassland) in Germany. The center point and outer solid black circle in each panel represent the 5th and 95th quantiles, respectively; the length of the bars represents the mean of the z-standardized values of indicators for a specific ecosystem function. Mean, standard error, and N values of indicators are given in Supplementary Table 4.
