Fig. 6: Hysteresis of steady states and transient evolution of the North American ice sheet.
From: Astronomical forcing shaped the timing of early Pleistocene glacial cycles
Magenta/cyan lines denote large/small volume steady states when the model run starts with large/small initial ice sheets12. a Plot showing equilibrium mass and surface mass balances of the North American ice sheets according to temperature anomalies relative to the present value. Lines with dots at 2-kyr intervals represent the transient evolution of the ice volume from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 47 to 45 (red), from 45 to 43 (black), and from 43 to 41 (blue) using the standard experiment run with a constant atmospheric pCO2 of 230 ppm. b–d Time evolution of climatic precession, obliquity and North American ice sheet volume, respectively. Grey shading represents periods when precession is below average or when obliquity is above average.
