Fig. 3: Model-data validation of sea surface temperature.

a Mean model-data bias in sea surface temperature (SST). White lines indicate 0.5 °C contours, while the green line indicates the boundary of the 0–200 km offshore zone used to compute b spatially averaged SST, relative to the seasonal mean, between 0 and 200 km offshore and 32–44°N, compared to those from the NOAA 1/4° OISST v2.1 product. RMSE = root mean square error and Corr = correlation coefficient.