Table 1 Summary of speleothem sites and sample information.

From: Caves demonstrate decrease in rainfall recharge of southwest Australian groundwater is unprecedented for the last 800 years

Sample code

Site information

Sample information

Climate statistics

Source previously published data

Name

Lat (°S), lon (°E)

Altitude (m ASL)

Soil thickness (m)

Limestone thickness (m)

Cave T (°C)

Distance from entrance (m)

MAT (°C)

Rainfall (mm)

Actual evapotranspiration (mm)

CRY-S1

Crystal C.

34.1, 115.0

100

Unknown, likely similar to Golgotha C.

40

Unknown

140

15.6 ± 0.5

1101 ± 157

730 ± 42

Chronology49

δ18O, this study

GL-S1,

GL-S2,

GL-S3,

GL-S4

Golgotha C.

34.1, 115.1

70

Variable 0.3 – 3 m

30 (GL-S1, GL-S4)

40 (GL-S2, GL-S3)

14.5–14.8

60 (GL-S1, GL-S4)

90 (GL-S2, GL-S3)

15.6 ± 0.5

1101 ± 157

730 ± 42

Chronology

δ18O27

LAB-S1

Labyrinth C.

34.3, 115.1

65

Unknown, likely variable as for Golgotha C.

35

15.9–16.5

unknown

16.6 ± 0.4

1095 ± 164

609 ± 47

Chronology51

δ18O, this study

MND-S1

Moondyne C.

34.3, 115.1

65

Unknown, likely variable as for Golgotha C.

15–20

15.9–16.550

60

16.6 ± 0.4

1095 ± 164

609 ± 47

Chronology50

δ18O30

  1. Locations are rounded to the nearest tenth of a degree, as exact locations are not disclosed for cave conservation purposes. Soil thickness is approximate from field observations. All caves are located within 8 km from Australian Bureau of Meteorology stations and climate statistics are calculated over the period 1911–2020 from data extracted for the sites from the AWRA-L dataset56. All caves are located in Eucalyptus forest with dense understorey and are located in Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park.