Fig. 3: MC3E—slightly warm-based clouds: hydrometeor profile and surface precipitation.

Temperature-resolved conditionally averaged over cloudy regions of: a mass mixing ratio (MMR) and b number mixing ratio (NMR) of graupel with corresponding warm (red line) and cold (blue line) components; c mass and d number mixing ratios of rain plotted similarly; e ice (orange) and snow (brown) mass mixing ratio; f ice (light blue) and snow (magenta) number mixing ratio; and g cloud water number mixing ratio (purple) for the MC3E case (slightly warm-based convective clouds at ~17 °C) control simulation using AC during 0000–2300 UTC on 11 May 2011. Also shown is the MC3E case control simulation of the accumulated precipitation (mm) for h the entire domain with all clouds and corresponding components from i convective and j stratiform cloudy (and adjacent clear sky) regions for 72 h (10–13 May 2011). The yellow and gray shading boxes in (a–g) are similar to those in Fig. 2, with differences in (b) and (e). b The darkest gray shaded box represents cold rain mass mixing ratio, while medium gray is for warm. e The darkest yellow displays the peak value of ice mass mixing ratio, while medium yellow is for snow.