Fig. 4: GoAmazon—very warm-based clouds: Hydrometeor profile and surface precipitation.

Temperature-resolved conditionally averaged over cloudy regions of: a mass mixing ratio (MMR) and b number mixing ratio (NMR) of graupel with corresponding warm (red line) and cold (blue line) components; c mass and d number mixing ratios of rain plotted similarly; e ice (orange) and snow (brown) mass mixing ratio; f ice (light blue) and snow (magenta) number mixing ratio; and g cloud water number mixing ratio (purple) for the GoAmazon case (very warm-based convective clouds at ~28 °C control simulation using AC during 0500–1800 UTC on 19 March 2014. Also shown is the GoAmazon case control simulation of the accumulated precipitation (mm) for h the entire domain with all clouds and corresponding components from i convective (and adjacent clear sky) and j stratiform cloudy regions during 14 h of simulations. The shading yellow and gray boxes in (a–g) are similar to those in Fig. 3, but with some differences in (a) and (c). The darkest yellow shading represents the cold components of the (a) graupel and (c) rain mass mixing ratios, while the medium yellow shading is for their warm components.