Fig. 5: Barents Seaway in two different times.

a 3D conceptual model of Atlantic–Arctic water circulation at the onset of Quaternary (c. 2.7 Ma). The reconstruction for the wider Barents Sea to the east follows Butt et al.15. Minimum-maximum ice sheet extent is based on Knies et al.35. b Present-day bathymetry of Barents Sea. Orange arrows represent water current of Atlantic origin. Blue arrows represent water current of Arctic origin.