Table 2 Categorization of mitigation actions.
From: Emission pathways and mitigation options for achieving consumption-based climate targets in Sweden
Consumption category | Achieving territorial targets | Advanced technology and behavioral changes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Improve | Avoid | Shift | Improve (additional) | |
International air travel | Increased use of sustainable aviation fuels, measures to reduce non-CO2 effects, electrification | Sharp reduction in air travel per capita | Increased train and bus trips to continental Europe | |
Domestic air travel | Increased use of sustainable aviation fuels, measures to reduce non-CO2 effects, electrification | Sharp reduction in air travel per capita | Increased domestic train and bus trips | |
Passenger car travel | Electrification following phase-out of internal combustion engines in new car sales by 2030, and phase-out of fossil fuels by 2040 | Less commuting | Increased cycling and public transport for commuting as well as leisure trips | Self-driving cars enabling car sharing in cities |
Construction, space heating, and household energy use | More energy-efficient buildings and reduced emissions in electricity generation and district heating production, decarbonized domestic building materials | Reduced housing and commercial space per capita | Commercial and office space converted to housing; renovations instead of new construction | Increased materials efficiency in construction |
Food | Fossil-free fertilizers and feed additives | Plant-based protein-rich products replace animal products | ||
