Fig. 4: Outcomes of lunar ejecta particles related to their launch conditions.
From: Lunar ejecta origin of near-Earth asteroid Kamo’oalewa is compatible with rare orbital pathways
a, b Each point represents a launch condition: one of four launch locations (near-side, far-side, leading side, and trailing side), and the launch velocity (decomposed into its radial and tangential components). See Fig. 2 for an illustration of the launch locations and launch velocity component directions. The points in red highlight those launch conditions that result in a HS state while the points in dark blue correspond to detected HS–QS transitions during the 5000 years of simulation time. c Histogram of the frequencies of co-orbital outputs with respect to the launching speed.
