Fig. 1: Real-time high-resolution monitoring trajectory in the PRE and surrounding wastewater treatment plants. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 1: Real-time high-resolution monitoring trajectory in the PRE and surrounding wastewater treatment plants.

From: Wastewater-influenced estuaries are characterized by disproportionately high nitrous oxide emissions but overestimated IPCC emission factor

Fig. 1: Real-time high-resolution monitoring trajectory in the PRE and surrounding wastewater treatment plants.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Monitoring trajectory and sampling sites. Along the monitoring trajectory (red curve), ~30,000 data points of N2O concentrations and environmental parameters (Chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), salinity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, pH, and temperature) were collected. Yellow circles indicate sampling sites where biogeochemical parameters (NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and total phosphorus (TP)) as well as ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying microbial genes with qPCR (AOA amoA, AOB amoA, nirS, nirK, nosZ, and narG) were analyzed. The entire PRE is divided into three zones: (1) Upstream of Humen (upper estuary; zone i); (2) Inner Lingdingyang (middle estuary; zone ii between I and II); (3) Outer Lingdingyang (lower estuary; zone iii between II and III). b Distribution of wastewater treatment plants and built-up areas around the PRE. Wastewater treatment plants shown in (b) are national key monitoring wastewater treatment plants in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Foshan, Zhongshan, Zhuhai, and major wastewater treatment plants in Hong Kong and Macao. The inset shows the study area in red on the map of China. The base map is from RESDC data (http://www.resdc.cn/).

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