Fig. 1: Land use classification map and spectral species composition.

a Land use map generated from drone imagery and GPS data that shows the locations of the village centers in 2018 in relation to the classified landscape. Spatially masked areas are shown in white. b Spectral species composition for each land class where each pixel has been assigned a spectral species identification number. To illustrate differences in species composition between land use classes which vary in area, relative spectral species abundance is calculated by dividing each species abundance by the maximum species abundance within each class. Thus, the most abundant spectral species within each class will have a standardized intraclass abundance of 1.