Fig. 3: Millennial-scale events during the last glacial period from 70 to 20 ky BP in the South American ITCZ and monsoon sector. Black numbers refer to GI events, yellow bars denote HS events.

a NGRIP δ18O record5. b Reflectance in sediment cores from the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela)9. c Speleothem δ18O from El Peñon (Colombia) with insolation curve for July at 65°N44. d Speleothem δ18O from Pacupahuain Cave (central Peru)12 and summer insolation curve in November at 10°S44. e Speleothem δ18O from Paraiso Cave, eastern Amazon (Brazil)10. f Speleothem δ18O from Hulu cave (China)33.