Table 1 Climatological accumulated volume of sea ice production (km3) and DSW formation rate (Sv) during the winter season, along with annual standard deviations, in the Prydz, Adélie, Ross, and Weddell Sea polynyas from observed estimates and CESM1 control simulation.

From: Future changes in Antarctic coastal polynyas and bottom water formation simulated by a high-resolution coupled model

  

Observations

CESM1

Prydz

Sea ice production (km3)

194 ± 19

151 ± 17

DSW formation (Sv)

0.3 ~ 0.7 (ref. 6)

0.05 ± 0.04

Adélie

Sea ice production (km3)

132 ± 19

51 ± 8

DSW formation (Sv)

0.1 ~ 0.5 (ref. 44)

0.13 ± 0.08

Ross

Sea ice production (km3)

300 ± 22

218 ± 43

DSW formation (Sv)

1.3 ~ 2.6 (ref. 43)

1.87 ± 0.30

Weddell

Sea ice production (km3)

38 ± 16

158 ± 24

DSW formation (Sv)

4 ~ 5 (ref. 84)

2.50 ± 0.43

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