Fig. 3: Measured seawater chemistry and foraminiferal Sr partition coefficient (DSr), together with and modeled foraminiferal parameters.

Measured and/or modeled (a) seawater pH, (b) seawater DIC, (c) calcite saturation state of seawater, (d) pH of the calcifying fluid, (e) DIC of the calcifying fluid, (f) calcite saturation state of the calcifying fluid, (g) calcite precipitation rate Rp, (h) foraminiferal Sr partition coefficient DSr, and (i) Sr/Ca ratio of the calcifying fluid at steady state. The data points are measured values36 and the solid lines are model outputs at steady state. Red, blue, yellow and orange color represent C. wuellerstorfi in the Norwegian Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, respectively. Green color represents C.mundulus in the Atlantic Ocean. Errors in (h) represent ±1σ of replicates.