Table 1 List of data sources.

1

Global Lakes and Wetlands Database, GLWD⁶²

2000

1 km

http://www.wwfus.org/science/data.cfm; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.028

2

the Potential Distribution of Global Wetlands, PDGW³¹

2015

1 km

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.001; https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24646248

3

The Global Mangrove Forest Aboveground Biomass, GMFAGB⁶³

2004

250 m

http://www.3decology.org; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101690; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101690

4

Mangrove Forests Distributions of the World, MFDW⁶⁴

2000

1 km

https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/lulc-global-mangrove-forests-distribution-2000; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00584.x

5

a Global 30 m Land-Cover Classification with a Fine Classification System, GLC_FCS30⁶⁵

2020

30 m

https://zenodo.org/records/4280923; https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2753-2021

6

the Global 300 m Land-Cover Products in 2009, GlobCover2009⁶⁶

2009

300 m

http://due.esrin.esa.int/page_globcover.php

7

the Global 1 km Land Cover 2000, GLC2000⁶⁷

2000

1 km

https://forobs.jrc.ec.europa.eu/glc2000; https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160412331291297

8

a Database of Global Wetland Validation Samples, GWVS³⁸

1980-2013

1 m

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-014-0717-4; https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24646305

9

distribution data of waterfowl in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, GBIF⁶⁸

-

-

https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/search

10

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species⁶⁹

-

-

https://www.iucnredlist.org

11

Biodiversity Hotspots, BHs²⁵

-

-

https://www.iucn.org/resources/key-biodiversity-areas; https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/

12

Key Biodiversity Areas, KBAs^26,27

-

https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501; https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24646320

13

Three Global Conditions for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use, 3Cs²⁸

-

1 km

https://naturebeyond2020.com/3conditions/; https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz136

14

Global 200 Ecoregions, Global 200^29,30

-

-

https://www.feow.org/ecoregions/interactive-map;https:/https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.012003502.x; https://doi.org/10.2307/3298564

15

GHS_POP and GHS_SMOD⁷⁰

2015

1 km

https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/GHSL

16

Global Areas of Low Human Impact (‘Low Impact Areas,’ LIAs)³²

2019

1 km

https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z612jm67g; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50558-6

17

Randolph Glacier Inventory: A Dataset of Global Glacier Outlines: Version 6.0, RGI 6⁷¹

2021

-

https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0770/versions/6

18

World Database on Protected Areas, WDPA⁷²

2021

-

https://www.protectedplanet.net/en

19

Database of Global Administrative Areas, GADM⁷³

http://www.gadm.org