Table 1 XPS High-resolution C1s spectra measuring carbon chemistry of magnetite following hydrothermal reaction compared to the controls.

From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Generation of long-chain fatty acids by hydrogen-driven bicarbonate reduction in ancient alkaline hydrothermal vents

Mineral

Quartz

Quartz

Magnetite

Magnetite

Reactant

H2

H2 + HCO3−

H2

H2 + HCO3−

Binding Energy (eV)

Bonding environment

Moiety/Functional group

Surface Concentration (Atomic %)

283.0

C-M

Carbide

N/D

N/D

N/D

N/D

284.6

C=C

Aromatic/unsaturated

2.33

49.85

67.81

28.94

285.0

C-C

Aliphatic/saturated

97.67

17.21

30.35

30.09

286.4

C-OH

Hydroxyl

N/D

N/D

N/D

5.07

287.0

C-N/C-O

Amide/furan

N/D

N/D

1.84

6.25

287.6

C=O

Carbonyl

N/D

N/D

N/D

14.61

288.6

O-C=O

Carboxyl

N/D

N/D

N/D

8.26

290.0

CO3

Carbonate

N/D

32.94

N/D

6.79

  1. Synthetic components fitted to an averaged (n = 3) XPS C1s spectra (Supplementary Fig. 9) to measure the relative concentrations (At %). Of the surface chemistry. N/D = chemical bond not detected. Atomic % = the relative surface concentrations of the bonding environments.
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