Fig. 1: Circumpolar Deep Water temperature and time-varying Ross Gyre boundary.
From: Ross Gyre variability modulates oceanic heat supply toward the West Antarctic continental shelf
2013–2018 mean a temperature (shading) and velocity (pink arrows) on the γn = 27.9 kg m−3 neutral density surface, which corresponds to the core of the Circumpolar Deep Water layer in the model (the white region in the central Ross shelf is where the density surface outcrops), and b sea surface height (shading) and Ross Gyre boundary (green contour), as well as monthly realizations of the gyre boundary (white contours), which is defined by the − 8 Sverdrup contour of the barotropic streamfunction. In both panels, black contours mark bathymetry in 1000 m intervals with the 1000 m isobath plotted thicker to indicate the approximate location of the Antarctic Slope Front. Brown lines denote the Polar Front (PF) and Southern Boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (Sbdy)60, a brown star marks the Marie Byrd seamounts, and a brown triangle and square mark the locations of Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers, respectively.
