Fig. 7: Projected amplification of future analogues of the summer 2019 Northeast Pacific marine heatwave.
From: Projected amplification of summer marine heatwaves in a warming Northeast Pacific Ocean
Conceptual schematic showing the processes involved in the event-specific warming amplification beyond the projected mean warming, for analogues of the summer 2019 event in a +4 °C climate compared to present-day. The left (right) corresponds to west (east). Changes between present-day (dashed lines) and +4 °C climate (solid lines) conditions are indicated for the low-cloud cover and mixed layer depth (MLD). The amplifying and dampening role of these surface forcing mechanisms on the ocean surface warming are in red and blue arrows, with larger arrows indicating a dominant role on the local amplification. The portion of solar radiation reflected and transmitted by the low clouds is schematized in yellow arrows. Effects of anomalous northerly and southerly winds are in dashed arrows to emphasize that this process is not explicitly quantified in the heat budget analysis.
