Fig. 2: Marine heatwaves attribution.
From: Arctic marine heatwaves forced by greenhouse gases and triggered by abrupt sea-ice melt

The probability of necessary causation (PN) of greenhouse gases forcing for marine heatwave event’s a intensity, b cumulative intensity. The probability of sufficient causation (PS) of greenhouse gases forcing for marine heatwave event’s c intensity, d cumulative intensity. Uncertainties are estimated by bootstrap-re-sampling with replacement. Likelihood scales of ≥66% (likely), ≥90% (very likely), and ≥99% (virtually certain) are represented with horizontal lines.